Customary International Law

Obligations concerning Negotiations relating to Cessation of the Nuclear Arms Race and to Nuclear Disarmament (Marshall Islands v. India)

Facts  The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), entered into force in 1970, and with 191 States party to it as of November 2025 (although the status of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is contested owing to its 2003 announcement of withdrawal from the treaty), sets forth certain obligations for the States to […]

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Asylum Case, Colombia v. Peru, Judgment, 1950 I.C.J. 266 (Nov. 20)

Facts: On October 3rd, 1948, a military rebellion broke out in Peru. However, the rebellion was quelled within a day and the accused were arrested and charged. A day after the rebellion was quashed; proceedings were instituted against Victor Raul Haye De La Torre, a leader of an opposition party known as the American Citizens’

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North Sea Continental Shelf, Germany v Netherlands and Germany v Denmark (ICJ Rep 3, ICGJ 150 (ICJ 1969)

  Facts: Apart from having waters 12 nautical miles away from its coasts, a coastal state is separately entitled to take economic resources 200 nautical miles away from its coast. However, controversy surrounded the North Sea because of a continental shelf, which, according to one definition, is the part of the continental margin between the

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