Case Briefs

Immunities and Criminal Proceedings (Equatorial Guinea v. France)

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TL; DR: Equatorial Guinea, formerly a Spanish colony, has long been ruled by authoritarian leaders. The current President’s son, Mr Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue, was accused by Transparency International of misappropriating public funds and spending them on luxuries, including expensive cars and a mansion in Paris. Transparency International initiated proceedings under the French “Grinch law” […]

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Obligations concerning Negotiations relating to Cessation of the Nuclear Arms Race and to Nuclear Disarmament (Marshall Islands v. India)

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Facts  The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), entered into force in 1970, and with 191 States party to it as of November 2025 (although the status of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is contested owing to its 2003 announcement of withdrawal from the treaty), sets forth certain obligations for the States to

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Portugal v. India Rights of Passage Case ICJ Rep 125, ICGJ 173 (ICJ 1957)

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TL; DR: In 1957, Portugal brought a case against India in ICJ seeking confirmation of its right of passage over Indian territory between Portuguese-controlled enclaves (Dadra and Nagar-Aveli). Portugal claimed that historical treaties granted it right of passage for civilian and military personnel. India contested this, asserting sovereignty and the right to control its territory.

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Asylum Case, Colombia v. Peru, Judgment, 1950 I.C.J. 266 (Nov. 20)

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Facts: On October 3rd, 1948, a military rebellion broke out in Peru. However, the rebellion was quelled within a day and the accused were arrested and charged. A day after the rebellion was quashed; proceedings were instituted against Victor Raul Haye De La Torre, a leader of an opposition party known as the American Citizens’

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S.S. Lotus Case

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TL; DR: The S.S. Lotus case, heard by the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) in 1927, involved a jurisdictional dispute between France and Turkey following a collision on the high seas between a French and a Turkish vessel, which resulted in the deaths of Turkish nationals. Turkey prosecuted a French officer for manslaughter, leading

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North Sea Continental Shelf, Germany v Netherlands and Germany v Denmark (ICJ Rep 3, ICGJ 150 (ICJ 1969)

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  Facts: Apart from having waters 12 nautical miles away from its coasts, a coastal state is separately entitled to take economic resources 200 nautical miles away from its coast. However, controversy surrounded the North Sea because of a continental shelf, which, according to one definition, is the part of the continental margin between the

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Oil Platforms Case (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America), [2003] ICJ 4

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  TL; DR: Iran brought a case against the U.S. after the U.S. attacked its oil platforms, claiming it broke a treaty governing their relations. The court had to decide whether the U.S. violated the treaty by attacking the platforms and whether the U.S. could justify the attack as self-defence. The court ruled that self-defence

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Corfu Channels Case

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  Facts: On October 22, 1946, two British naval vessels passing through the Corfu Channel within Albanian territorial waters suffered heavy damage, and forty-five of its crew members lost their lives and another forty-two were injured as mines exploded near them. The channel was considered safe because mine-clearing operations had been carried out in the

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Nuclear Tests Case (France v. Australia)

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In the Nuclear Tests Case (Australia v. France), Australia contested France’s nuclear testing as a violation of international law. New Zealand later joined, arguing that the tests posed a threat to the marine ecosystem. The core issues were the scope of France’s sovereign rights to conduct nuclear tests within its territory, international environmental law, and

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